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Protective Action of Phenytoin in Cerebral Ischemia

John P. Cullen, MD^*, J. Antonio Aldrete, MD, Lynn Jankovsky, DVM, and Francisco Romo-Salas, MD

*Resident, Department of Anesthesiology. Received from the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado Resident, Department of Anesthesiology. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado

Abstract

Thirty-six rabbits were subjected to 15-minute periods of stagnant cerebral hypoxia while blood flow to the rest of the body was preserved. After this ischemic interval the animals, divided into thee groups, received either saline, phenytoin, 15 µg/kg IV, or thiopental 10 µg/kg IV and 10 µg/kg IM. Histologic examination of tissue sections of the brains, 72 hours after ischemia, indicated that phenytoin afforded significant protection (p < 0.001) of neurons in the hippocampus and in the dentate nucleus when compared to saline, while the findings noted after thiopental were not statistically significant when compared to placebo. No statistically significant difference was noted between the two drugs. Neuron destruction was seen only in rabbits receiving either saline (92%) or thiopental (50%).

Key Words: PHARMACOLOGY: phenytoin • BRAIN: anoxia

Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999