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In Vitro Cyanide Release from Sodium Nitroprusside in Various Intravenous Solutions

Received from the Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Health Services—Educational and Research, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Abstract

The concentration of cyanide, a toxic metabolite of sodium nitroprusside, in solutions other than 5% dextrose in water, has not been reported. In this study, cyanide ion levels were measured by a cyanide ion-specific electrode in 250 ml of six different intravenous solutions (5% dextrose in water, 10% dextrose in water, distilled water, 0.9% sodium chloride, and lactated Ringer's solution with and without 5% dextrose) exposed to 300 foot candles of fluorescent light for72 hours after sodium nitroprusside was dissolved in each solution. The rates of the increase incyanide ion concentration in all six solutions were fairly constant between 4 and 24 hours. At 24 hours, there were no statistically significant differences in cyanide ion concentration among the six solutions. After 24 hours, the rate of the increase in cyanide ion concentration in the electrolyte solutions decreased more than that in the nonelectrolyte solutions. At 72 hours, theelectrolyte-containing solutions had statistically significant lower mean cyanide ion concentrations than 5% dextrose, often the recommended diluent for sodium nitroprusside. There was no difference in mean cyanide ion concentration between lactated Ringer's solution with and without 5% dextrose. Solutions containing electrolytes are preferable to 5% dextrose for the dilution of sodium nitroprusside.

Key Words: ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, HYPOTENSIVE—nitroprusside • PHARMACOLOGY—nitroprusside

Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999